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The AP French Language test is widely compared to a final examination for a French 301 college course. Enrollment requirements for AP French Language differ from school to school, but students wishing to enter it should have a good command of French grammar and vocabulary as well as prior experience in listening, reading, speaking, and writing ...
This category, which consists of a total of 40 questions to be answered in 40 minutes and carries a 360-point maximum score, aims to evaluate the test-taker's French-language listening comprehension skills. For CLB Level 7, the test taker must receive a score in the range of 249–279 in order to qualify:
The RAQoL was developed by Galen Research, the University of Leeds and the Academic Hospital Maastricht, and was first published in 1997. [5] It was the first patient completed quality of life questionnaire that focused on rheumatoid arthritis [6] and is distinct from other questionnaires as it includes physical contact as a dimension of quality of life. [3]
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. [5] [6] It is believed to be the fourth leading cause of disability in the world, affecting 1 in 7 adults in the United States alone. [7]
The questions on the WOMAC are a subset of the questions of the Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS). [4] Thus, a HOOS survey may also be used to determine a WOMAC score. A WOMAC test takes about 12 minutes, but is also available in a short form, (although this has not been as extensively tested as the full version).
There is an association between rheumatoid factor and more persistently active synovitis, more joint damage, greater eventual disability and arthritis. [12] [13] Other than in rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid factor may also be elevated in other conditions, including: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [14] [15] Sjögren syndrome [14] [15]
Although the use of the term DMARDs was first propagated in rheumatoid arthritis (hence their name), the term has come to pertain to many other diseases, such as Crohn's disease, lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, myasthenia gravis, sarcoidosis, and various others. [citation needed]
For example, psoriatic arthritis can cause both peripheral and axial symptoms. [7] Likewise, reactive arthritis can transform into chronic axial spondyloarthritis. [8] All are considered inflammatory rheumatic disorders because they involve immune system-mediated attacks on the joints, muscles, bones and organs. [9]