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The drugs they studied included cocaine and a few others that have some similarities to cocaine in how they affect the brain. They trained the monkeys to give themselves these drugs through injections and observed their behavior. They wanted to see if the drugs had similar effects on the monkeys.
The term neurotoxicity implies the involvement of a neurotoxin; however, the term neurotoxic may be used more loosely to describe states that are known to cause physical brain damage, but where no specific neurotoxin has been identified. [citation needed]
This suggests a positive neuromodulatory action of CART on the effects of psychostimulants in rats. [18] CART is altered in the ventral tegmental area of cocaine overdose victims, and a mutation in the CART gene is associated with alcoholism. [19] By inhibiting the rewarding effects of cocaine, CART has a potential use in treating cocaine ...
Exposure to psychoactive drugs can cause changes to the brain that counteract or augment some of their effects; these changes may be beneficial or harmful. However, there is a significant amount of evidence that the relapse rate of mental disorders negatively corresponds with the length of properly followed treatment regimens (that is, relapse ...
Cocaine's mechanism of action in the human brain includes the inhibition of dopamine reuptake, [49] which accounts for cocaine's addictive properties, as dopamine is the critical neurotransmitter for reward. However, cocaine is more active in the dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area than the substantia nigra.
The effects of KOR agonism on dopamine systems are well documented, and recent work also implicates the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and pCREB in KOR-dependent behaviors. [ 40 ] [ 81 ] While the predominant drugs of abuse examined have been cocaine (44%), ethanol (35%), and opioids (24%). [ 82 ]
San Diego sector Border Patrol agents announced the seizure of more than 80 pounds of cocaine in Temecula. The drugs were stashed inside an SUV's false dashboard, authorities said.
The dopamine transporter controls the dynamics of the neurotransmitter dopamine. This neurotransmitter controls many functions including movement, cognition and mood. Drugs such as cocaine and dimethocaine induce dopamine overflow by inhibiting dopamine transporters and thus creating a euphoric effect. [8]