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Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium) is one of three types of vertebrate muscle tissues, the others being skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. It is an involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the wall of the heart .
Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, ... Cardiac muscle tissue has autorhythmicity, ... Depending upon the specific individual, as rates fall ...
Key symptoms of cardiomyopathy include shortness of breath, fatigue, and irregular heartbeats. Understanding the specific function of cardiac muscle is crucial, as the heart muscle's main role is to pump blood throughout the body efficiently. [42]
Troponin, or the troponin complex, is a complex of three regulatory proteins (troponin C, troponin I, and troponin T) that are integral to muscle contraction [2] in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, but not smooth muscle. Measurements of cardiac-specific troponins I and T are extensively used as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in the ...
Gap junctions connect the cytoplasms of neighboring cells electrically allowing cardiac action potentials to spread between cardiac cells by permitting the passage of ions between cells, producing depolarization of the heart muscle. [3] [2] All of these junctions work together as a single unit called the area composita. [2]
Their function is similar in many respects to neurons. [8] Cardiac muscle tissue has autorhythmicity, the unique ability to initiate a cardiac action potential at a fixed rate—spreading the impulse rapidly from cell to cell to trigger the contraction of the entire heart. [8] There are specific proteins expressed in cardiac muscle cells.
Because the structural organization of the myocyte is very complex and specific, changes to their arrangement and/ or function can cause cardiac illnesses or defects. For example, a leading cause of heart failure can be attributed to the lack of t- tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum junctions or a decreased distance between the structures. [ 6 ]
[4] [5] Skeletal muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells both contain myofibrils and sarcomeres and form a striated muscle tissue. [6] Cardiac muscle cells form the cardiac muscle in the walls of the heart chambers, and have a single central nucleus. [7] Cardiac muscle cells are joined to neighboring cells by intercalated discs, and when joined ...
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