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A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes, blood vessels, and brain.
A basilar skull fracture is a break of a bone in the base of the skull. [1] Symptoms may include bruising behind the ears, bruising around the eyes, or blood behind the ear drum. [1] A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in about 20% of cases and may result in fluid leaking from the nose or ear. [1] Meningitis occurs in about 14% of cases. [2]
Disturbance of vision and equilibrium may also occur. Common symptoms of head injury include coma, confusion, drowsiness, personality change, seizures, nausea and vomiting, headache and a lucid interval, during which a patient appears conscious only to deteriorate later. [14] Symptoms of skull fracture can include:
Bone healing, or fracture healing, is a proliferative physiological process in which the body facilitates the repair of a bone fracture. Generally, bone fracture treatment consists of a doctor reducing (pushing) displaced bones back into place via relocation with or without anaesthetic, stabilizing their position to aid union, and then waiting ...
Signs of break in the base of the skull may include bruising behind the ears or around the eyes, or blood behind the ear drum. Blood or cerebrospinal fluid can leak from the nose or ear. Battle's sign, also known as mastoid ecchymosis, is an indication of fracture of middle cranial fossa of the skull.
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people.
Bone fractures to the crown of the head are linear or depressed and range in severity based on the impact to the skull. The linear fracture involves a break to the skull whereas the depressed fracture results in the scatter of skull fragments. [19] The skull fractures are mainly caused by incidents involving a vehicle, assault, or a fall.
Facial trauma can involve soft tissue injuries such as burns, lacerations and bruises, or fractures of the facial bones such as nasal fractures and fractures of the jaw, as well as trauma such as eye injuries. Symptoms are specific to the type of injury; for example, fractures may involve pain, swelling, loss of function, or changes in the ...
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