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Alanic (also known as Alanian), [1] was a language spoken by the Alans from about the 1st to the 13th centuries AD. [2] It formed a dialect directly descended from the earlier Scytho-Sarmatian languages, which in its turn formed the Ossetian language. Byzantine Greek authors recorded only a few fragments of this language. [3]
The language is spoken by approximately 6 million people in the Balkans, primarily in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece. [1] However, due to old communities in Italy and the large Albanian diaspora, the worldwide total of speakers is much higher than in Southern Europe and numbers approximately 7.5 million.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 February 2025. Group of Eastern Iranic languages For other uses, see Scythian (disambiguation). It has been suggested that this article be split into a new article titled Pontic Scythian language. (Discuss) (November 2024) Scythian Geographic distribution Central Asia, West Asia, Eastern Europe ...
The Alans spoke an Eastern Iranian language which derived from Scytho-Sarmatian and which in turn evolved into the modern Ossetian language. [2] [12] [13] The name Alan represents an Eastern Iranian dialectal form of Old Iranian term Aryan, [1] [2] [14] and so is cognate with the name of the country Īrān (from the gen. plur. *aryānām). [15]
Albanian is the primary language of instruction in the country's academic institutions. [249] The study of a first foreign language is mandatory and taught most often at elementary and bilingual schools. [250] Languages taught in schools are English, Italian, French and German. [250]
The Article 14 of the Albanian Constitution states that "The official language in the Republic of Albania is Albanian." [2] According to the 2011 population census, 2,765,610, 98.767% of the population declared Albanian as their mother tongue ("mother tongue is defined as the first or main language spoken at home during childhood").
The Alanian-Georgian alliance was cemented in the 1060s, when the Alans struck across Muslim Arran and sacked Ganja. In the 1120s King David the Builder of Georgia visited the Darial to reconcile the Alans with the Kipchaks, who thereupon were allowed to pass through Alania to the Georgian soil .
The existence of the Caucasian Albanian literature was known only indirectly before the late 20th century. Koryun's Life of Mashtots, written in the 5th century but only surviving in much later corrupted manuscripts, and Movses Kaghankatvatsi's History of the Caucasian Albanians, written in the 10th century, attribute the conversion of the Caucasian Albanians to Christianity to two ...