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A hydrogen-donor solvent is hydrocarbon that transfers hydrogen to hydrogen-poor substrates, such as coal.The hydrogen-poor substrates could be a solute or suspension. The classic hydrogen-donor solvent (or just donor solvent) is tetrahydronaphthalene, [1] which converts to naphthalene by transfer of two equivalents of H 2 to the substrate.
It uses hydrogen donor compounds such as formic acid, isopropanol or dihydroanthracene, dehydrogenating them to CO 2, acetone, or anthracene respectively. [1] Often, the donor molecules also function as solvents for the reaction. A large scale application of transfer hydrogenation is coal liquefaction using "donor solvents" such as tetralin. [2 ...
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Organotrophs use organic compounds as electron/hydrogen donors. Lithotrophs use inorganic compounds as electron/hydrogen donors.. The electrons or hydrogen atoms from reducing equivalents (electron donors) are needed by both phototrophs and chemotrophs in reduction-oxidation reactions that transfer energy in the anabolic processes of ATP synthesis (in heterotrophs) or biosynthesis (in autotrophs).
Gaseous hydrogen is produced industrially from hydrocarbons by the process known as steam reforming. [2] For many applications, hydrogen is transferred from donor molecules such as formic acid, isopropanol, and dihydroanthracene. [3] These hydrogen donors undergo dehydrogenation to, respectively, carbon dioxide, acetone, and anthracene.
The product is then heated in the presence of a radical initiator and a suitable hydrogen donor to afford the decarboxylated product. [1] [2] This is an example of a reductive decarboxylation. Using this reaction it is possible to remove carboxylic acid moieties from alkyl groups and replace them with other functional groups.
Similarly, reacting DEAD with ethanol and cyclohexanol abstracts hydrogen producing acetaldehyde and cyclohexanone. Those reactions also proceed without light, although at much lower yields. [ 9 ] Thus, in general DEAD is an aza- dienophile and dehydrogenating agent, converting alcohols to aldehydes , thiols to disulfides and hydrazo groups to ...
Tetralin is used as a hydrogen-donor solvent, for example in coal liquifaction.It functions as a source of H 2, which is transferred to the coal.The partially hydrogenated coal is more soluble.