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France was a very decentralised state during the Middle Ages. At the time, Lorraine and Provence were states of the Holy Roman Empire and not a part of France. North of the Loire, the King of France at times fought or allied with one of the great principalities of Normandy, Anjou, Blois-Champagne, Flanders and Burgundy.
The kings used the title "King of the Franks" (Latin: Rex Francorum) until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" (Latin: Rex Franciae; French: roi de France) was Philip II in 1190 (r. 1180–1223), after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground. [3]
Jews have a documented presence in France since at least the early Middle Ages. [42] The Kingdom of France was a center of Jewish learning in the Middle Ages, producing influential Jewish scholars such as Rashi and even hosting theological debates between Jews and Christians. Widespread persecution began in the 11th century and increased ...
Partition of the Frankish Empire after the Treaty of Verdun 843. West Francia Middle Francia East Francia The division of the Carolingian Empire into West, Middle and East Francia at the Treaty of Verdun in 843 - with three grandsons of the emperor Charlemagne installed as their kings - was regarded at the time as a temporary arrangement, yet it heralded the birth of what would later become ...
The Carolingian Empire (800–887) was a Frankish-dominated empire in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages.It was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, which had ruled as kings of the Franks since 751 and as kings of the Lombards in Italy from 774.
The Capetian dynasty (/ k ə ˈ p iː ʃ ən / kə-PEE-shən; French: Capétiens), also known as the House of France (French: La Maison de France), is a dynasty of Frankish origin, and a branch of the Robertians agnatically, and the Karlings through female lines.
1st creation: for Alphonse of France, Count of Poitiers. 2nd creation: for John of France, passed in 1434 to the Dukes of Bourbon, confiscated in 1521 by the king. 3rd creation: for Louise of Savoy, but returned to the crown on her death. 4th creation: for Duke of Anjou in 1569. When he became King in 1574, the duchy was reunited with the crown.
The Valois claim was disputed by Edward III, the Plantagenet king of England who claimed himself as the rightful king of France through his French mother Isabella; the two houses fought the Hundred Years' War over the issue, and with Henry VI of England being for a time partially recognized as King of France.