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The leaves can be eaten like spinach, flowers can be used in salads, tubers can be eaten raw or cooked, and seeds can be used in similar ways as the soybean. The winged bean is an underutilised species but has the potential to become a major multi-use food crop in the tropics of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. [1]
Momordica charantia (commonly called bitter melon, cerassee, goya, bitter apple, bitter gourd, bitter squash, balsam-pear, karavila and many more names listed below) [1] is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit.
Hygrophila auriculata (Sanskrit: gokaṇṭa, Bangla (বাংলা নাম): kulekhara (কুলেখাড়া) [2] kokilākṣa) [3] [4] is a herbaceous, medicinal plant in the acanthus family that grows in marshy places and is native to tropical Asia and Africa.
It is a climbing annual to perennial herb up to 5 meters long. Its stem is thin, angular and slightly hairy. The alternately arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The hairy petiole is short. The soft, thin leaf blade is up to 12 centimeters in size, heart-shaped and broadly ovate to rounded in outline.
Achyranthes aspera (common names: chaff-flower, [1] prickly chaff flower, [2] devil's horsewhip, [3] Sanskrit: अपामार्ग apāmārga) is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropical world. [4] It can be found in many places growing as an introduced species and a common weed. [5]
The first leaves, near the base of the plant, are toothed and roughly diamond-shaped, 3–7 cm long and 3–6 cm broad. The leaves on the upper part of the flowering stems are entire and lanceolate-rhomboid, 1–5 cm long and 0.4–2 cm broad; they are waxy-coated, unwettable and mealy in appearance, with a whitish coat on the underside.
In Japan, it was also used for ozena, haemorrhoids, pyorrhea, otitis media, boils, cancers, inflammatory diseases and atopic dermatitis. In Peninsular Malaysia, the leaves were used by the Malays to treat gonorrhoea. The leaves were used with other substances in a tonic that was squeezed into the eyes. The plant was pounded and applied to boils.
Gynura bicolor contains high levels of vitamin C, crude protein, iron, carotenoids, calcium, essential amino acids, and is a rich source of anthocyanins. [3]According to Chinese food grouping, Gynura bicolor is a 'cool' food, [4] so the leaves are stir-fried with sesame oil and ginger (both 'hotter' foods) to achieve balance.