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The Andean textile tradition once spanned from the Pre-Columbian to the Colonial era throughout the western coast of South America, but was mainly concentrated in what is now Peru. The arid desert conditions along the coast of Peru have allowed for the preservation of these dyed textiles, which can date to 6000 years old. [ 1 ]
Mantle ("The Paracas Textile"), 100-300 C.E. Cotton, camelid fiber, textile: Brooklyn Museum Detail of one shaman showing knife and head. The Paracas textiles were found at a necropolis in Peru in the 1920s. The necropolis held 420 bodies who had been mummified and wrapped in embroidered textiles of the Paracas culture in 200–300 BCE. [1]
The dry environment of southern Peru's Pacific coast allows organic materials to be preserved when buried. [18] Mummified human remains were found in a tomb in the Paracas peninsula of Peru, buried under layers of cloth textiles. [19] The dead were wrapped in layers of cloth called "mummy bundles".
The oldest known textiles in the Americas are some early fiberwork found in Guitarrero Cave, Peru dating back to 10,100 to 9,080 BCE. [3] The oldest known textiles in North America are twine and plain weave fabrics preserved in a peat pond at the Windover Archaeological Site in Florida, the earliest dating to 6,000 BCE. [4]
Nazca Female Effigy Figure, made of sperm whale tooth, shell and hair. The Nazca culture (also Nasca) was the archaeological culture that flourished from c. 100 BC to 800 AD beside the arid, southern coast of Peru in the river valleys of the Rio Grande de Nazca drainage and the Ica Valley. [1]
A variety of techniques, colours and themes were used in the making of textiles. [2] They used an array of colours including yellows, browns, scarlet, white, blues and greens. [1] In type of fabric used include llama wool, cotton, chiffon, and feathers. [2] Their technique involved were decorated open weave, brocade, embroidery, and painting. [2]
The companies include Huafu Fashion Co., one of the world's largest textile manufacturers, and 25 of its subsidiaries, which the U.S. has linked to forced-labor practices in China's cotton industry.
Archaeological sites in Peru are numerous and diverse, representing different aspects including temples and fortresses of the various cultures of ancient Peru, such as the Moche and Nazca. The sites vary in importance from small local sites to UNESCO World Heritage sites of global importance. [ 1 ]