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Hydroxyapatite is widely used within dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery, due to its chemical similarity to hard tissue. [34] In the future, there are possibilities for using nano-hydroxyapatite for tissue engineering and repair. The main and most advantageous feature of nano-hydroxyapatite is its biocompatibility. [35]
When fluoride ions are present in plaque fluid along with dissolved hydroxyapatite, and the pH is higher than 4.5, [16] a fluorapatite-like remineralised veneer is formed over the remaining surface of the enamel; this veneer is much more acid-resistant than the original hydroxyapatite, and is formed more quickly than ordinary remineralised ...
Fluoride is present in small amounts in plants, animals, and some natural water sources. The additional fluoride in toothpaste has beneficial effects on the formation of dental enamel and bones. Sodium fluoride (NaF) is the most common source of fluoride, but stannous fluoride (SnF 2), and sodium monofluorophosphate (Na 2 PO 3 F) are also used ...
GlaxoSmithKline is using this material as an active ingredient in toothpaste under the commercial name NovaMin, which can help repair tiny holes and decrease tooth sensitivity. [ 11 ] [ 14 ] More advanced fluoride-containing formulations of Bioglass have been developed, which provide stronger and longer-lasting protection against sensitivity.
Fluoride has a high tendency to react with the calcium hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 in tooth enamel due to its high affinity to metals. [8] [10] It subsequently replaces the hydroxide group in hydroxyapatite to precipitate calcium fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3)F. [8] These fluorapatite precipitations scavenge excess phosphate and calcium in the saliva to form a supersaturated solution for ...
High-fluoride content toothpaste generally contains 1.1% (5,000 ppm) sodium fluoride toothpaste. This type of toothpaste is used in the same manner as regular toothpaste. The application of high-fluoride content toothpaste in adults twice daily improves the surface hardness of untreated root decay when compared to toothpaste with regular ...
Brushing your teeth correctly allows the fluoride to work its magic on your teeth before you spit it out. Dr. Bonnaig adds that using fluoride-free toothpaste isn’t dangerous.
Containing fluoride, Macleans toothpaste is available in various types: Fresh Mint, White & Shine and Whitening. [2] There are also other variants such as Macleans Whitening, Macleans Ice Whitening Gel and Milk Teeth (for children). The 'white' varieties feature whitening microparticles that break up stains.