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The Kellogg–Briand Pact or Pact of Paris – officially the General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy [1] – is a 1928 international agreement on peace in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them". [2]
The Kellogg–Briand Pact would be signed on August 27, 1928, by Briand and U.S. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg. [ 11 ] U.S. President Calvin Coolidge vetoed a resolution, passed by the Philippine territorial legislature, calling for a plebiscite on whether the Philippines should become independent of the United States.
Peace in Their Time: The Origins of the Kellogg-Briand Pact is a 1952 book by historian Robert H. Ferrell tracing the diplomatic, political and cultural events in the aftermath of World War I which led to the Kellogg–Briand Pact of 1928, an international agreement to end war as a means of settling disputes among nations. [1]
Fourteen major nations were the first to sign the Kellogg-Briand Pact in Paris in 1928. The Kellogg–Briand Pact of 1928 resulted from a proposal drafted by the United States and France that, in effect, outlawed war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them".
Coolidge's primary foreign policy initiative was the Kellogg–Briand Pact of 1928, named for Secretary of State Kellogg and French foreign minister Aristide Briand. The treaty, ratified in 1929, committed signatories—the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan—to "renounce war, as an instrument of national ...
1928 – Kellogg–Briand Pact – calls "for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy" 1929 – Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War – establishes rules for the treatment of prisoners of war; 1929 – Warsaw Convention for the Unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air – regulates civilian ...
August 15, 1928: Germany launches the high-tech luxury liner SS Europa August 27, 1928: Germany's Foreign Minister Gustav Streseman joins others in signing Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact in Paris, renouncing "war as an instrument of national policy" The Kellogg-Briand Pact and seals from 15 signatory nations France's Foreign Minister Aristide Briand addresses the assembled representatives
The Litvinov pact was an enrichment of the Kellogg-Briand pact to ensure that the USSR had sufficient time to recuperate and rebuild the Soviet state in the 1920s. During the 1930s, the pact began to deteriorate, as disputes by member states increased in frequency and severity.