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The fact that the Pauli matrices, along with the identity matrix I, form an orthogonal basis for the Hilbert space of all 2 × 2 complex matrices , over , means that we can express any 2 × 2 complex matrix M as = + where c is a complex number, and a is a 3-component, complex vector.
In quantum mechanics, eigenspinors are thought of as basis vectors representing the general spin state of a particle. Strictly speaking, they are not vectors at all, but in fact spinors . For a single spin 1/2 particle, they can be defined as the eigenvectors of the Pauli matrices .
For example, taking the Kronecker product of two spin- 1 / 2 yields a four-dimensional representation, which is separable into a 3-dimensional spin-1 (triplet states) and a 1-dimensional spin-0 representation (singlet state). The resulting irreducible representations yield the following spin matrices and eigenvalues in the z-basis:
The traditional Pauli matrices are the matrix representation of the () Lie algebra generators , , and in the 2-dimensional irreducible representation of SU(2), corresponding to a spin-1/2 particle. These generate the Lie group SU(2) .
Given a unit vector in 3 dimensions, for example (a, b, c), one takes a dot product with the Pauli spin matrices to obtain a spin matrix for spin in the direction of the unit vector. The eigenvectors of that spin matrix are the spinors for spin-1/2 oriented in the direction given by the vector. Example: u = (0.8, -0.6, 0) is a unit vector ...
Pauli matrices, also called the "Pauli spin matrices". Generalizations of Pauli matrices Gamma matrices , which can be represented in terms of the Pauli matrices.
Pauli introduced the 2×2 Pauli matrices as a basis of spin operators, thus solving the nonrelativistic theory of spin. This work, including the Pauli equation , is sometimes said to have influenced Paul Dirac in his creation of the Dirac equation for the relativistic electron, though Dirac said that he invented these same matrices himself ...
The Pauli group is generated by the Pauli matrices, and like them it is named after Wolfgang Pauli. The Pauli group on n {\displaystyle n} qubits, G n {\displaystyle G_{n}} , is the group generated by the operators described above applied to each of n {\displaystyle n} qubits in the tensor product Hilbert space ( C 2 ) ⊗ n {\displaystyle ...