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Some hobbyists have developed computer programs that will solve Sudoku puzzles using a backtracking algorithm, which is a type of brute force search. [3] Backtracking is a depth-first search (in contrast to a breadth-first search), because it will completely explore one branch to a possible solution before moving to another branch.
The general problem of solving Sudoku puzzles on n 2 ×n 2 grids of n×n blocks is known to be NP-complete. [8] A puzzle can be expressed as a graph coloring problem. [9] The aim is to construct a 9-coloring of a particular graph, given a partial 9-coloring. The Sudoku graph has 81 vertices, one vertex for each cell.
Many Sudoku solving algorithms, such as brute force-backtracking and dancing links can solve most 9×9 puzzles efficiently, but combinatorial explosion occurs as n increases, creating practical limits to the properties of Sudokus that can be constructed, analyzed, and solved as n increases.
Each row, column, or block of the Sudoku puzzle forms a clique in the Sudoku graph, whose size equals the number of symbols used to solve the puzzle. A graph coloring of the Sudoku graph using this number of colors (the minimum possible number of colors for this graph) can be interpreted as a solution to the puzzle.
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Tanner graph of a Sudoku. denotes the entries of the Sudoku in row-scan order. denotes the constraint functions: =, …, associated with rows, =, …, associated with columns and =, …, associated with the sub-grids of the Sudoku.. There are several possible decoding methods for sudoku codes. Some algorithms are very specific developments for Sudoku codes. Several methods are described in ...
By Brendan Pierson (Reuters) -Idaho can enforce a first-of-its-kind "abortion trafficking" law against those who harbor or transport a minor to get an abortion out of state without parental ...
The woman accused of stowing away on a Delta flight from New York to Paris was arrested again, this time while reportedly trying to get into Canada.