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Microbial food cultures are live bacteria, yeasts or moulds used in food production. Microbial food cultures carry out the fermentation process in foodstuffs. Used by humans since the Neolithic period (around 10 000 years BC) [1] fermentation helps to preserve perishable foods and to improve their nutritional and organoleptic qualities (in this case, taste, sight, smell, touch).
Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies ; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process.
MICROORGANISM TYPE ( Bacterium / Fungus ) FOOD / BEVERAGE Acetobacter aceti: bacterium: chocolate [1]Acetobacter aceti: bacterium: vinegar [2]Acetobacter cerevisiae
Winogradsky was the first to develop the concept of chemolithotrophy and to thereby reveal the essential role played by microorganisms in geochemical processes. [25] He was responsible for the first isolation and description of both nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria . [ 23 ]
Bacteria are the largest and to date, best studied component and 99% of gut bacteria come from about 30 or 40 species. [7] About 55% of the dry mass of feces is bacteria. [8] Over 99% of the bacteria in the gut are anaerobes, but in the cecum, aerobic bacteria reach high densities. [5]
Winogradsky was the first to develop the concept of chemolithotrophy and to thereby reveal the essential role played by microorganisms in geochemical processes. [22] He was responsible for the first isolation and description of both nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. [2]
Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food.This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored); microbes used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine; and microbes with other useful roles, such as producing ...
Beneficial insects can include predators (such as ladybugs) of pest insects, and pollinators (such as bees, which are an integral part of the growth cycle of many crops).). Increasingly certain species of insects are managed and used to intervene where natural pollination or biological control is insufficient, usually due to human disturbance of the balance of established ecosys