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Mass attenuation coefficients of selected elements for X-ray photons with energies up to 250 keV. The mass attenuation coefficient, or mass narrow beam attenuation coefficient of a material is the attenuation coefficient normalized by the density of the material; that is, the attenuation per unit mass (rather than per unit of distance).
The mass attenuation coefficient, ... Note that in logarithmic units such as dB, the attenuation is a linear function of distance, rather than exponential. This has ...
absorption coefficient is essentially (but not quite always) synonymous with attenuation coefficient; see attenuation coefficient for details; molar absorption coefficient or molar extinction coefficient , also called molar absorptivity , is the attenuation coefficient divided by molarity (and usually multiplied by ln(10), i.e., decadic); see ...
where μ is the linear attenuation coefficient, μ/ρ is the mass attenuation coefficient and ρ is the density of the material. The mass attenuation coefficient can be looked up or calculated for any material and energy combination using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) databases. [7] [8]
Cross-sections values for all elements with atomic number Z smaller than 100 collected for photons with energies from 1 keV to 20 MeV. The discontinuities in the values are due to absorption edges which were also shown.
In engineering, attenuation is usually measured in units of decibels per unit length of medium (dB/cm, dB/km, etc.) and is represented by the attenuation coefficient of the medium in question. [1] Attenuation also occurs in earthquakes; when the seismic waves move farther away from the hypocenter, they grow smaller as they are attenuated by the ...
In those situations, the most general form of the Beer–Lambert law states that the total attenuation can be obtained by integrating the attenuation coefficient over small slices dz of the beamline: = = (), = = (). These formulations then reduce to the simpler versions when there is only one active species and the attenuation coefficients are ...
The mass attenuation coefficient (also called "mass extinction coefficient"), which is the absorption coefficient divided by density; The absorption cross section and scattering cross-section, related closely to the absorption and attenuation coefficients, respectively "Extinction" in astronomy, which is equivalent to the attenuation coefficient