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The Bureau of Customs (abbreviated BoC or BOC; Filipino: Kawanihan ng Adwana) is a Filipino government agency that is responsible for the collecting of customs duties, excise duties, and other indirect taxes in the Philippines.
The Labor Code of the Philippines is the legal code governing employment practices and labor relations in the Philippines. It was enacted through Presidential Decree No. 442 on Labor day , May 1, 1974, by President Ferdinand Marcos in the exercise of his then extant legislative powers .
The level of customs duties is a direct indicator of the openness of an economy to world trade. However, there may also be import barriers that are not based on the levy of duties. The following table shows the tariff rate, in percentages, according to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) , [ 1 ] World Trade Organization ...
The Labor Code and other legislated labor laws are implemented primarily by government agencies, namely, Department of Labor and Employment and Philippine Overseas Employment Agency (now the country's Department of Migrant Workers). Non-government entities, such as the trade unions and employers, also play a role in the country's labor.
The policy of taxation in the Philippines is governed chiefly by the Constitution of the Philippines and three Republic Acts. Constitution: Article VI, Section 28 of the Constitution states that "the rule of taxation shall be uniform and equitable" and that " Congress shall evolve a progressive system of taxation ".
In a similar vein, a trader can evade customs duty by understatement of quantity or volume of the product of trade. A trader may also evade duty by misrepresenting traded goods, categorizing goods as items which attract lower customs duties. The evasion of customs duty may take place with or without the collaboration of customs officials.
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Customs duties vary by country of origin and product, with duties ranging from zero to 81% of the value of the goods. Goods from many countries are exempt from duty under various trade agreements. Certain types of goods are exempt from duty regardless of source. Customs rules differ from other import restrictions.