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Grades may appear alone - for example, a lawnmower may require SAE 30. This single grade specification means that the oil must meet the SAE 30 requirements. But SAE also allows designating an oil with two viscosity grades, referred to as a multi-grade oil. For example, 10W-30 designates a common multi-grade oil. A 10W-30 oil must pass the SAE ...
The grades include single grades, such as SAE 30, and also multi-grades such as SAE 15W-30. A multi-grade consists of a winter grade specifying the viscosity at cold temperatures and a non-winter grade specifying the viscosity at operating temperatures. An engine oil using a polymeric viscosity index improver (VII) must be classified as multi ...
where U is the oil's kinematic viscosity at 40 °C (104 °F), Y is the oil's kinematic viscosity at 100 °C (212 °F), and L and H are the viscosities at 40 °C for two hypothetical oils of VI 0 and 100 respectively, having the same viscosity at 100 °C as the oil whose VI we are trying to determine.
SAE J306 is a standard that defines the viscometric properties of automotive gear oils.It is maintained by SAE International. [1] Key parameters for this standard are the kinematic viscosity of the gear oil, the maximum temperature at which the oil has a viscosity of 150,000 cP, and a measure of its shear stability through the KRL test.
Multigrade synthetic oil—in SAE 5W-40 and 15w-40 viscosity ranges [3] Single grade conventional oil—in SAE 20, 30, 40 and 50; Synthetic blend oil; Shell is marketing their new CJ-4/SM oil as "Triple Protection," meaning it provides enhanced qualities for engine wear, soot control and engine cleanliness.
In 2016, largely in response to dramatically falling oil prices due to U.S. shale oil output, OPEC signed an agreement with 10 other oil-producing countries to create OPEC+. Josh Boak contributed ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration: World Crude Oil Prices Archived 2008-11-10 at the Wayback Machine; BP Crude Grades; Intertek: Crude Oil Grades and Types; MeGlobalOil: Carriage of Heavy Grade Oil; Statoil.com: Crude oil assays; EnergyIntel.com: The Crude Oils and their Key Characteristics; Capline system crude oil properties and quality ...
In northern Peru, the World Bank's business-lending arm is part owner of the Yanacocha gold mine, accused by impoverished farming communities of despoiling their land in pursuit of the precious ore. The bank and IFC have stepped up investments in projects deemed to have a high risk of serious and environment damage, including oil pipelines, mines and even coal-fired power plants, an ...
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