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Other side effects of gold-containing drugs include kidney damage, itching rash, and ulcerations of the mouth, tongue, and pharynx. Approximately 35% of patients discontinue the use of gold salts because of these side effects. Kidney function must be monitored continuously while taking gold compounds. [5]
Smoker melanosis in a patient consuming 2 packs of cigarette per day. Smoking or the use of nicotine-containing drugs is the cause to Smoker's melanosis. [10] [11] Tar-components (benzopyrenes) are also known to stimulate melanocytes to melanin production, and other unknown toxic agents in tobacco may also be the cause.
‡ Denotes side effects seen at the above frequency only in clinical trials done in people with soft tissue sarcomas ^ Usually occurs within the first 18 weeks of treatment. 39% of cases develop within the first 9 days of treatment.
Oral and maxillofacial pathology refers to the diseases of the mouth ("oral cavity" or "stoma"), jaws ("maxillae" or "gnath") and related structures such as salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles and perioral skin (the skin around the mouth). [1] [2] The mouth is an important organ with many different functions. It is also ...
ECG changes [Note 4]; Contact dermatitis; Sensitivity to light; Urticaria (hives); Maculopapular rash; Petechia or edema; Hyperprolactinaemia [Note 5]; Impaired thermoregulation [Note 6] ...
Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (potentially fatal skin reactions) Motorial weakness; Creatinine increase; Elevated liver enzymes; Hepatitis (liver swelling) Stomatitis (mouth swelling) Liver failure; Pulmonary oedema (fluid in the lungs) Gastrointestinal bleeding; Pulmonary embolism
The autoimmune reaction most commonly affects the oral mucosa in the mouth, causing lesions in the gums (gingiva), known as desquamative gingivitis. More severe cases can also affect areas of mucous membrane elsewhere in the body, such as the sinuses, genitals, anus, and cornea . [ 5 ]
Xerostomia itself has many possible causes, but commonly the cause may be side effects of medications, or conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome. Conversely, conditions which cause drooling or sialorrhoea (excessive salivation) can cause angular cheilitis by creating a constant wet environment in the corners of the mouth.