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Lapping machine. Lapping is a machining process in which two surfaces are rubbed together with an abrasive between them, by hand movement or using a machine. Lapping often follows other subtractive processes with more aggressive material removal as a first step, such as milling and/or grinding. Lapping can take two forms.
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) (also called chemical mechanical planarization) is a process of smoothing surfaces with the combination of chemical and mechanical forces. It can be thought of as a hybrid of chemical etching and free abrasive polishing. [ 1 ]
In loose abrasive processes, there is no structure connecting the grains. They may be applied without lubrication as dry powder, or they may be mixed with a lubricant to form a slurry. Since the grains can move independently, they must be forced into the workpiece with another object like a polishing cloth or a lapping plate.
While used less extensively than traditional mechanical polishing, electropolishing is an alternative form of polishing that uses the principles of electrochemistry to remove microscopic layers of metal from a base surface. [3] This method of polishing can be fine-tuned to give a wide range of finishes, from matte to mirror-bright.
Electropolishing, also known as electrochemical polishing, anodic polishing, or electrolytic polishing (especially in the metallography field), is an electrochemical process that removes material from a metallic workpiece, reducing the surface roughness by levelling micro-peaks and valleys, improving the surface finish.
Auto-gauging single-pass honing machine for precise finishing. A honing machine is a precision tool used in machining to improve the surface finish and dimensional accuracy of component. It operates by using abrasive honing tools, which rotate and reciprocate inside the components, typically a cylinder or bore.
Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or by applying a chemical treatment, leaving a clean surface with a significant specular reflection (still limited by the index of refraction of the material according to the Fresnel equations). [1]
Grinding machines (1 C, 12 P) S. Sharpening (13 P) Surface finishing (2 C, 10 P) Pages in category "Grinding and lapping" ... Polishing (metalworking) Q. Quern-stone; R.
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