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The chemical reactions of sodium nitroprusside are mainly associated with the NO ligand. [51] For example, addition of S 2− ion to [Fe(CN) 5 (NO)] 2− produces the violet colour [Fe(CN) 5 (NOS)] 4− ion, which is the basis for a sensitive test for S 2− ions. An analogous reaction also exists with OH − ions, giving [Fe(CN) 5 (NO 2)] 4− ...
Sodium nitroprusside, a medicinally significant metal nitrosyl-pentacyanoferrate (Fe-III) compound, used to treat hypertension. [1] Metal nitrosyl complexes are complexes that contain nitric oxide, NO, bonded to a transition metal. [2] Many kinds of nitrosyl complexes are known, which vary both in structure and coligand.
A solution of 2% sodium carbonate in water (solution B) [4] Separate storage of the aldehyde and base are necessary to prevent aldol polymerisation of the aldehyde. When exposed to an amine, reaction with acetaldehyde produces the enamine, which subsequently reacts with sodium nitroprusside to the imine.
The French chemist Z. Roussin [5] first prepared this salt while investigating reactions between nitroprusside ion ([Fe(CN) 5 NO] 2−) and sulfur. [6] The salt can be prepared by the reaction of sulfide salts with iron nitrosyl halides: [7] Fe 2 I 2 (NO) 4 + 2Li 2 S → Li 2 Fe 2 S 2 (NO) 4 + 2LiI
Nitrosation is typically performed with nitrous acid, formed from acidification of a sodium nitrite solution. Nitrous acid is unstable, and high yields require a rapid reaction rate. NO + synthon transfer is catalyzed by a strong nucleophile, such as (in order of increasing efficacy) chloride, bromide, thiocyanate, or thiourea.
The test used in the urine test strips is based on the reaction of sodium nitroprusside (nitroferricyanide). In this reaction the acetoacetic acid in an alkali medium reacts with the sodium nitroprusside producing a magenta coloured complex: [6] [14]
After neutralization of this intermediate with sodium carbonate, red crystals of sodium nitroprusside can be selectively crystallized. [8] Upon treatment with chlorine gas, potassium hexacyanidoferrate(II) converts to potassium hexacyanidoferrate(III): 2 K 4 [Fe(CN) 6] + Cl 2 → 2 K 3 [Fe(CN) 6] + 2 KCl
The cyanide compound sodium nitroprusside is used mainly in clinical chemistry to measure urine ketone bodies mainly as a follow-up to diabetic patients. On occasion, it is used in emergency medical situations to produce a rapid decrease in blood pressure in humans; it is also used as a vasodilator in vascular research.