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The structure of a general cyanohydrin. In organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin or hydroxynitrile is a functional group found in organic compounds in which a cyano and a hydroxy group are attached to the same carbon atom. The general formula is R 2 C(OH)CN, where R is H, alkyl, or aryl.
Glycolonitrile, also called hydroxyacetonitrile or formaldehyde cyanohydrin, is the organic compound with the formula HOCH 2 CN. It is the simplest cyanohydrin and it is derived from formaldehyde . [ 3 ]
In organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin reaction is an organic reaction in which an aldehyde (−CH=O) or ketone (>C=O) reacts with a cyanide anion ...
Ethylene oxide easily reacts with hydrogen cyanide forming ethylene cyanohydrin: (CH 2 CH 2)O + HCN → HO–CH 2 CH 2 –CN. A slightly chilled (10–20 °C) aqueous solution of calcium cyanide can be used instead of HCN: [38] 2 (CH 2 CH 2)O + Ca(CN) 2 + 2 H 2 O → 2 HO–CH 2 CH 2 –CN + Ca(OH) 2. Ethylene cyanohydrin easily loses water ...
In chemistry, cyanide (from Greek kyanos ' dark blue ') is a chemical compound that contains a C≡N functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. [1] Ionic cyanides contain the cyanide anion − C≡N. This anion is extremely poisonous.
The structure of a nitrile: the functional group is highlighted blue. In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group.The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the −C≡N, suffixed with "nitrile", so for example CH 3 CH 2 C≡N is called "propionitrile" (or propanenitrile). [1]
Acetonitrile, often abbreviated MeCN (methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula CH 3 CN and structure H 3 C−C≡N. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic). It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture.
Chloral cyanohydrin is the cyanohydrin derivative of chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde). It was historically used as a source of hydrogen cyanide for medicinal purposes. [ 1 ] Chloral cyanohydrin is toxic by inhalation.