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The patient was a 48-year-old man with hypothyroidism, multiple episodes of encephalopathy, stroke-like symptoms, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis confirmed by elevated antithyroid antibodies. Alternative names
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the structure and/or function of the thyroid gland.The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones [1] that travel through the blood to help regulate many other organs, meaning that it is an endocrine organ.
Additionally, patients may present with a variety of symptoms such as palpitations and arrhythmias (notably atrial fibrillation), shortness of breath , loss of libido, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Long term untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to osteoporosis. In the elderly, these classical symptoms may not be present. [citation needed]
[8] [9] Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in countries with sufficient dietary iodine. [3] Less common causes include previous treatment with radioactive iodine , injury to the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland, certain medications, a lack of a functioning thyroid at birth , or previous thyroid surgery .
[22] [23] 3,5-T2 levels were also observed to correlate with concentrations of rT3 (reverse T3) [22] in patients with euthyroid sick syndrome. NTIS is a component of a complex endocrine adaptation process, so affected patients might also have hyperprolactinemia and elevated levels of corticosteroids (especially cortisol) and growth hormone.
Hashimoto's encephalopathy: Brain Anti-thyroid (TPO, Tg) Probable Rare [61] Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases: Central nervous system Varies Probable Varies by specific disease [62] Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Neuromuscular junction (affecting both CNS and PNS) Anti-VGCC Confirmed 0.5-2 per million [63] Multiple sclerosis
Levothyroxine, a drug used to treat hypothyroidism, can lead to reduced bone mass and density in older adults with normal thyroid levels, a small cohort study has shown.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's disease and autoimmune thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed. [7] [1] Early on, symptoms may not be noticed. [3] Over time, the thyroid may enlarge, forming a painless goiter. [3]