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Undernutrition can cause vitamin-deficiency-related diseases like scurvy and rickets. As undernutrition worsens, those affected have less energy and experience impairment in brain functions. This can make it difficult (or impossible) for them to perform the tasks needed to acquire food, earn an income, or gain an education. [citation needed]
Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and good health. [1] Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security , or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements. [ 2 ]
Undernutrition in children, occurs when children do not consume enough calories, protein, or micronutrients to maintain good health. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is common globally and may result in both short and long term irreversible adverse health outcomes.
Globally, more than one third of under-5 deaths are attributable to undernutrition. [1] [4] In Africa, some progress has also been registered over the decades. Compared to other regions, sub-Saharan Africa has experienced a faster rate of reduction in under-5 deaths, with the annual rate of decline doubling between 1990–2000 and 2000–2011. [5]
Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It provides organisms with nutrients, which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures. Failure to obtain the required amount of nutrients causes malnutrition.
1 Promoting Healthy Choices: Information vs. Convenience Jessica Wisdom, Julie S. Downs and George Loewenstein Contact Information: We thank the USDA Economic Research Service and the Center for Behavioral Decision
Protein–energy undernutrition affects children the most because they have less protein intake. [ further explanation needed ] The few rare cases found in the developed world are almost entirely found in small children as a result of fad diets , or ignorance of the nutritional needs of children, particularly in cases of milk allergy .
Edema may also involve the hands, trunk, and face. Kwashiorkor is characterized by a fatty liver. This fatty liver of undernutrition phenotype is often accompanied by evidence of inflammation and fibrosis. Whereas a fatty liver of undernutrition is a consistent feature of kwashiorkor, it is only encountered sometimes in children with marasmus.