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The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
Rhizopus stolonifer is commonly known as black bread mold. [1] It is a member of Zygomycota and considered the most important species in the genus Rhizopus . [ 2 ] It is one of the most common fungi in the world and has a global distribution although it is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. [ 3 ]
The kingdom-level classification of life is still widely employed as a useful way of grouping organisms, notwithstanding some problems with this approach: Kingdoms such as Protozoa represent grades rather than clades, and so are rejected by phylogenetic classification systems.
Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage ...
Close up of mold on a strawberry Penicillium mold growing on a clementine. A mold (US, PH) or mould (UK, CW) is one of the structures that certain fungi can form. The dust-like, colored appearance of molds is due to the formation of spores containing fungal secondary metabolites. The spores are the dispersal units of the fungi.
The original report of sex in fungi, occurred two centuries ago, based on observations of the fungus Syzygites megalocarpus (Mucoromycotina) (reviewed by Idnurm [1]). This species, was subsequently used in 1904, to represent self-fertile species when the concept of two major mating strategies were developed for the fungi.
Mucoromycota is a division within the kingdom fungi. [1] It includes a diverse group of various molds, including the common bread molds Mucor and Rhizopus. [2] It is a sister phylum to Dikarya. [3] [4]
The Aspergillaceae are a family of fungi in the order Eurotiales which are commonly known as the blue and green molds. [4] [5] The family includes the commonly known and observed genera of Aspergillus [6] and Penicillium [7] amongst other lesser known mold genera but also includes larger ascomycete fungi such as Penicilliopsis.