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Cool jazz is a style of modern jazz music inspired by bebop and big band [1] that arose in the United States after World War II. It is characterized by relaxed tempos and a lighter tone than that used in the fast and complex bebop style. Cool jazz often employs formal arrangements and incorporates elements of classical music.
Chamber jazz is a genre of jazz involving small, acoustic-based ensembles where group interplay is important. 1960s -> Continental jazz: Early jazz dance bands of Europe in the swing medium, to the exclusion of Great Britain. Cool jazz: Contrasts with the hard, fast sound of bebop.
West Coast jazz is often seen as a subgenre of cool jazz, which consisted of a calmer style than bebop or hard bop. The music relied relatively more on composition and arrangement than on the individually improvised playing of other jazz styles. Although this style dominated, it was not the only form of jazz heard on the American West Coast.
Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early to mid-1940s in the United States. The style features compositions characterized by a fast tempo (usually exceeding 200 bpm), complex chord progressions with rapid chord changes and numerous changes of key, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure, the use of scales, and occasional references ...
By the end of the 1940s, the nervous energy and tension of bebop was replaced with a tendency towards calm and smoothness, with the sounds of cool jazz, which favoured long, linear melodic lines. It emerged in New York City , as a result of the mixture of the styles of predominantly white jazz musicians and black bebop musicians, and it ...
Hard bop, an extension of bebop (or "bop") music that incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing, developed in the mid-1950s, partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s. The hard bop style coalesced in 1953 and 1954, paralleling the rise of rhythm ...
Some bebop and post-bop musicians were lukewarm to the avant-garde explorations of the 1960s and rejected the electronically based, pop-influenced sounds of jazz fusion. Most prominent among these was the drummer Art Blakey , whose Jazz Messengers group was a stylistic incubator for like-minded younger musicians.
Tristano's advanced grasp of harmony pushed his music beyond the complexities of the contemporary bebop movement: [97] from his early recordings, he sought to develop the use of harmonies that were unusual for that period. [98] His playing has been labeled "cool jazz", [99] but this fails to capture the range of his playing. [100]