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Zone melting (or zone refining, or floating-zone method, or floating-zone technique) is a group of similar methods of purifying crystals, in which a narrow region of a crystal is melted, and this molten zone is moved through the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer material solidified ...
Laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) or laser floating zone (LFZ) is a crystal growth technique. A narrow region of a crystal is melted with a powerful CO2 or YAG laser. The laser and hence the floating zone, is moved along the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer material solidified behind it.
The molten zone carries the impurities away with it and hence reduces impurity concentration (most impurities are more soluble in the melt than the crystal). Specialized doping techniques like core doping, pill doping, gas doping and neutron transmutation doping are used to incorporate a uniform concentration of desirable impurity.
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The Zone System is a photographic technique for determining optimal film exposure and development, formulated by Ansel Adams and Fred Archer. [1] Adams described the Zone System as "[...] not an invention of mine; it is a codification of the principles of sensitometry, worked out by Fred Archer and myself at the Art Center School in Los Angeles, around 1939–40."
Link - An alternative name (alias) which links to a canonical zone. Link † - A standard Link (as above). The dagger symbol (†) signifies that the zone was canonical in a previous version of the database. Historical data for such zones is still preserved in the source code, but it is not included when compiling the database with standard ...
Texas has been the leading state in petroleum production since discovery of the Spindletop oil field in 1901. [11] As of October 2017, the State of Texas (if treated as its own nation) is the 7th largest oil producing nation in the world, with production totaling approximately 3.78 million barrels (600 thousand cubic meters ) per day of oil ...
Work zone applications Road user guidance Traffic control systems Devices for transportation system management Traffic Engineering Studies: Applied statistical analysis Traffic operational characteristics Traffic engineering operations study techniques Assessment of long- and short-range traffic impacts