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The word Shabbat derives from the Hebrew root ש־ב־ת. Although frequently translated as "rest" (noun or verb), another accurate translation is "ceasing [from work]." [4] The notion of active cessation from labour is also regarded [by whom?] as more consistent with an omnipotent God's activity on the seventh day of creation according to Genesis.
Shabbat is a widely noted hallmark of the Jewish people. Several weekly Shabbats per year are designated as Special Sabbaths, such as Shabbat haGadol, prior to Pesach (literally, "the High Sabbath", but not to be confused with other High Sabbaths); and Shabbat Teshuvah, prior to Yom Kippur ("Repentance Sabbath").
The Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar, meaning that months are based on lunar months, but years are based on solar years. [ b ] The calendar year features twelve lunar months of 29 or 30 days, with an additional lunar month ("leap month") added periodically to synchronize the twelve lunar cycles with the longer solar year.
The term shabbaton (Hebrew: שבתון) may be translated into English to mean sabbatical. The concept of a sabbatical year has a source in several places in the Bible (e.g. Leviticus 25), where there is a commandment to desist from working the fields in the seventh year.
This leaves only four days on which Rosh Hashanah is allowed to fall: Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday (i.e. the first, second, or fourth days of the week, or Shabbat), which are also referred as the "four gates" (Hebrew: ארבעה שערים, romanized: arba'a shearim).
Shabbat HaChodesh ("Sabbath [of the] month" שבת החודש) takes place on the Shabbat preceding the first of the Hebrew month of Nisan (or on the 1st of Nisan itself if it falls on Shabbat), during which Passover is celebrated. A special maftir, Exodus 12:1-20 (from Parashah Bo) is read, in which the laws of Passover are defined.
Shabbat preceding and beginning a week containing a Rosh Chodesh: 29 Tevet January 13, 2021 Yom Kippur Katan: Optional. If Yom Kippur Katan falls on a Friday or Saturday, it is moved to the preceding Thursday to avoid interfering with Shabbat.Starts at dawn. Starts at dawn. 1 Shevat: January 14, 2021 Rosh Chodesh of Shevat: 10 Shevat January 23 ...
The Hebrew word for meal is seudah, with the plural version being seudos or seudot, thus the Friday night and Saturday day meals are often called seudot or seudos. The third meal, held on Saturday afternoon is called either shalosh seudos , seudah shlishit , or shaleshudus .