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Apple provides the NSCountedSet class as part of Cocoa, and the CFBag and CFMutableBag types as part of CoreFoundation. Python's standard library includes collections.Counter, which is similar to a multiset. Smalltalk includes the Bag class, which can be instantiated to use either identity or equality as predicate for inclusion test.
Introduced in Python 2.2 as an optional feature and finalized in version 2.3, generators are Python's mechanism for lazy evaluation of a function that would otherwise return a space-prohibitive or computationally intensive list. This is an example to lazily generate the prime numbers:
An alternative analysis arriving at the same approximation without the assumption of independence is given by Mitzenmacher and Upfal. [7] After all n items have been added to the Bloom filter, let q be the fraction of the m bits that are set to 0. (That is, the number of bits still set to 0 is qm.)
In computer programming, a collection is an abstract data type that is a grouping of items that can be used in a polymorphic way. Often, the items are of the same data type such as int or string . Sometimes the items derive from a common type; even deriving from the most general type of a programming language such as object or variant .
In computer programming, foreach loop (or for-each loop) is a control flow statement for traversing items in a collection. foreach is usually used in place of a standard for loop statement.
The overhead in code size required for reference counting is very small (on native x86, typically a single LOCK INC, LOCK DEC or LOCK XADD instruction, which ensures atomicity in any environment), and no separate thread of control is needed for collection as would be needed for a tracing garbage collector.
The "QMap" key/value dictionary (up to Qt 4) template class of Qt is implemented with skip lists. [13] Redis, an ANSI-C open-source persistent key/value store for Posix systems, uses skip lists in its implementation of ordered sets. [14] Discord uses skip lists to handle storing and updating the list of members in a server. [15]
In computer programming, an iterator is an object that progressively provides access to each item of a collection, in order. [1] [2] [3]A collection may provide multiple iterators via its interface that provide items in different orders, such as forwards and backwards.