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Left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) is an abnormal condition of the left ventricle of the heart, [1] [2] related to, but distinguished from, left bundle branch block (LBBB). It is caused by only the left anterior fascicle – one half of the left bundle branch being defective. It is manifested on the ECG by left axis deviation.
Normal variation causing LAD is an age-related physiologic change. Conduction defects such as left bundle branch block or left anterior fascicular block can cause LAD on the ECG. Pre-excitation syndrome as well as congenital heart diseases such as atrial septal defect, endocardial cushion defects can also cause LAD on ECG.
Bifascicular block is characterized by right bundle branch block with left anterior fascicular block, or right bundle branch block with left posterior fascicular block on electrocardiography. Complete heart block could be the cause of syncope that is otherwise unexplained if bifascicular block is seen on electrocardiography. [1]
Infra-Hisian block is that of the distal conduction system. Types of infra-Hisian block include: Type 2 second degree heart block (Mobitz II) – a type of AV block due to a block within or below the bundle of His [5] Left anterior fascicular block; Left posterior fascicular block; Right bundle branch block; Left bundle branch block
The axis may be normal but may be deviated to the left or right. [4] There are also partial blocks of the left bundle branch: "left anterior fascicular block" (LAFB) [5] and a "left posterior fascicular block" (LPFB). [5] This refers to the block after the bifurcation of the left bundle branch.
The left bundle branch subdivides into two fascicles: the left anterior fascicle, and the left posterior fascicle. Other sources divide the left bundle branch into three fascicles: the left anterior, the left posterior, and the left septal fascicle. The thicker left posterior fascicle bifurcates, with one fascicle being in the septal aspect.
An intraventricular block is a heart conduction disorder — heart block of the ventricles of the heart. [1] An example is a right bundle branch block, right fascicular block, bifascicular block, trifascicular block. [2] [3]
A block at any of these levels can cause an abnormality to show on an electrocardiogram. The most literal meaning of trifascicular block is complete heart block: all three fascicles are blocked. A second, and clinically distinct, definition of trifascicular block is a circumstance in which right bundle branch block (RBBB) and left bundle branch ...