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Symptoms of cerebellar abiotrophy include ataxia or lack of balance, an awkward wide-legged stance, a head tremor (intention tremor) (in dogs, body tremors also occur), hyperreactivity, lack of menace reflex, stiff or high-stepping gait, coarse or jerky head bob when in motion (or, in very young animals, when attempting to nurse), apparent lack ...
The frog is a part of a horse hoof, located on the underside, which should touch the ground if the horse is standing on soft footing. The frog is triangular in shape, and extends midway from the heels toward the toe, covering around 25% of the bottom of the hoof.
Heels are separated by an elastic, resilient structure named the 'frog'. In the palmar/plantar part of the foot, above the heels and the frog, there are two oval bulges named the 'bulbs'. When viewed from the lower surface, the hoof wall's free margin encircles most of the hoof. The triangular frog occupies the center area.
Upright feet increase concussion, especially in the heel region of the hoof where the navicular bone is located. Excess concussion cannot be absorbed as well by the structures designed to do so (the frog, heels, and digital cushion), so more impact is transmitted to the structures within the foot.
Romberg's test is not a test of cerebellar function, as it is commonly misconstrued. Patients with severe cerebellar ataxia will generally be unable to balance even with their eyes open; [ 6 ] therefore, the test cannot proceed beyond the first step and no patient with cerebellar ataxia can correctly be described as Romberg's positive.
References A ace Slang for the drug acepromazine or acetyl promazine (trade names Atravet or Acezine), which is a sedative : 3 commonly used on horses during veterinary treatment, but also illegal in the show ring. Also abbreviated ACP. action The way a horse elevates its legs, knees, hock, and feet. : 3 Also includes how the horse uses its shoulder, humerus, elbow, and stifle; most often used ...
Laminitis is an inflammation of laminae that affects the feet of ungulates and is found mostly in horses and cattle. Clinical signs include foot tenderness progressing to inability to walk, increased digital pulses, and increased temperature in the hooves. There is also swelling in foot in some cases.
Lister was not certain that the early stages of inflammation had been correctly understood. He studied a live frog’s leg under the microscope, applying different irritants to the leg such as chloroform and mustard to study how inflammation happened and affected a healthy limb, its blood-vessels and the flow of blood.