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Laminated glass is a type of safety glass consisting of two or more layers of glass with one or more thin polymer interlayers between them which prevent the glass from breaking into large sharp pieces. [1]
The number of aluminum layers is always one more than the number of glass fiber layers, and the aluminum layer thickness is in millimeters, which can range from 0.2 to 0.5 mm (0.0079 to 0.0197 in; 7.9 to 19.7 mils). (Glare1 can only consist of aluminum layers of 0.3 to 0.4 mm (0.012 to 0.016 in; 12 to 16 mils) thickness, though.)
Not all films are suitable for all glass. The absorptance of the glass and the film, the size of the pane, the thickness of the glass, the construction of the window should be considered in terms of single pan-, insulated glass, treated (with a low-emissivity coating), laminated or toughened.
The film thickness is selected for level of protection desired and the dimensions of the glass pane. Manufacturers recommend 100 micrometer film (2 ply) for glass up to 3 mm (1/8 in) and 175 micrometer film for glass over 6 mm (1/4 in). These films can be applied for security applications, where a delay of forced entry is desired.
Laminated glass is normally used when there is a possibility of human impact or where the glass could fall if shattered. Skylight glazing and automobile windshields typically use laminated glass. In geographical areas requiring hurricane-resistant construction , laminated glass is often used in exterior storefronts, curtain walls and windows.
Some variations of foils and glass thicknesses can offer shatter and breakage-resistance or even bullet-resistance. The absorption of laminated glass depends on the glass substrates and foils used in the laminating process. Reflection of laminated glass is similar to monolithic glass, unless surface treatments are applied to reduce reflection.
The ideal gap size varies by location, but on average it ranges from 15-18 mm thick, giving a final assembly size of 23-26 mm assuming a typical glazing thickness of 4 mm. [9] A double-paned window with air in the gap has an R-value of 2.1, which is much better than the 0.9 that a single pane of glass yields. A triple-paned window, which is not ...
Tempered laminated glass is designed to shatter into small pieces, preventing possible injury. When both pieces of glass are broken it produces a "wet blanket" effect and it will fall out of its opening. Heat strengthened laminated glass is stronger than annealed, but not as strong as tempered. It is often used where security is a concern.