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The average treatment effect (ATE) is a measure used to compare treatments (or interventions) in randomized experiments, evaluation of policy interventions, and medical trials. The ATE measures the difference in mean (average) outcomes between units assigned to the treatment and units assigned to the control.
An estimand is a quantity that is to be estimated in a statistical analysis. [1] The term is used to distinguish the target of inference from the method used to obtain an approximation of this target (i.e., the estimator ) and the specific value obtained from a given method and dataset (i.e., the estimate ). [ 2 ]
Randomized clinical trials analyzed by the intention-to-treat (ITT) approach provide unbiased comparisons among the treatment groups. Intention to treat analyses are done to avoid the effects of crossover and dropout, which may break the random assignment to the treatment groups in a study. ITT analysis provides information about the potential ...
Estimation statistics, or simply estimation, is a data analysis framework that uses a combination of effect sizes, confidence intervals, precision planning, and meta-analysis to plan experiments, analyze data and interpret results. [1]
In the presence of non-compliance, the ATE can no longer be recovered. Instead, what is recovered is the average treatment effect for a certain subpopulation known as the compliers, which is the LATE. When there may exist heterogeneous treatment effects across groups, the LATE is unlikely to be equivalent to the ATE.
With a binary post-treatment covariate (e.g. attrition) and a binary treatment (e.g. "treatment" and "control") there are four possible strata in which subjects could be: those who always stay in the study regardless of which treatment they were assigned; those who would always drop-out of the study regardless of which treatment they were assigned
Treatment effect An effect attributed to a treatment in a clinical trial. In most clinical trials the treatment effect of interest is a comparison (or contrast) of two or more treatments. (ICH E9) Treatment emergent An event that emerges during treatment having been absent pre-treatment, or worsens relative to the pre-treatment state. (ICH E9)
Moderated mediation, also known as conditional indirect effects, [2] occurs when the treatment effect of an independent variable A on an outcome variable C via a mediator variable B differs depending on levels of a moderator variable D. Specifically, either the effect of A on B, and/or the effect of B on C depends on the level of D.