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Denisova 4, a molar. The Denisovans or Denisova hominins (/ d ə ˈ n iː s ə v ə / də-NEE-sə-və) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human that ranged across Asia during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, and lived, based on current evidence, from 285 thousand to 25 thousand years ago. [1]
Denisova 11, genetic tree of ancestors. Denny (Denisova 11) is an ~90,000 year old fossil specimen belonging to a ~13-year-old Neanderthal-Denisovan hybrid girl. [1] [2] To date, she is the only first-generation hybrid hominin ever discovered. [3]
Denisovans, Neanderthals and related hybrids may have inhabited the Denisova Cave for extended periods, but perhaps not at the same time. [6] The attribution of the needle and certain other artifacts at the cave, whether to Homo sapiens or to the Denisova hominin (also sometimes known as Homo denisova ), is uncertain.
By way of protein analysis, researchers concluded that the Xiahe specimen belonged to a population that was closely related to the Denisovan specimens from Denisova Cave. [9] This is the first time that an ancient hominin was successfully identified using only protein analysis. [10] It is the most complete known Denisovan fossil. [10]
Michael V. Shunkov is a Russian archaeologist and member of the Russian Academy of Science working at Novosibirsk State University. [1] Shunkov was one of the archaeologists behind the find of a fossilized finger-bone excavated in the Siberian Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in 2008 leading up to the 2010 discovery of the Denisova human.
Neanderthals and Denisovans are more closely related to each other than they are to modern humans, meaning the Neanderthal/Denisovan split occurred after their split with modern humans. [ 14 ] [ 47 ] [ 93 ] [ 113 ] Assuming a mutation rate of 1 × 10 −9 or 0.5 × 10 −9 per base pair (bp) per year, the Neanderthal/Denisovan split occurred ...
The split of the modern human lineage from the Neanderthal and Denisovan lineage is dated to between ca. 760–550 kya based on full genome analysis. This is consistent with the estimate based on Y-chromosomal DNA , which places the split between ca. 806–447 kya. [ 4 ]
[15] [16] She also co-led a team that found Denisovan DNA in excavated dirt as an alternative to finding rare hominin bones. [3] In 2018, Slon and her colleagues published the genome of Denny, a hybrid hominin. [17] DNA was extracted from a hominin bone found in a Middle Pleistocene layer.