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For these reasons, an important industrial use of phosphonates is in cooling waters, desalination systems, and in oil fields to inhibit scale formation. Phosphonates are also regularly used in reverse osmosis systems as antiscalants. Phosphonates in cooling water systems also serve to control corrosion of iron and steel.
Phosphates have low toxicity in the environment but cause nutrient pollution, a major water quality problem in many watersheds. [17] Phosphates in water cause eutrophication of algae which creates conditions favorable to formation of harmful algal blooms. These blooms prevent light and oxygen from getting into the water, leading to the death of ...
Phosphorus-based antiscalants has the largest application use globally and they can be further classified into phosphorus-based and phosphonate-based AS. Green antiscalants usually contain natural polymers such as starch and are recently being more widely investigated due to discharge requirements.
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes
EDTMP is normally delivered as its sodium salt, which exhibits good solubility in water. Used in Water treatment as an antiscaling and anti corrosion agent, the corrosion inhibition of EDTMP is 3–5 times better than that of inorganic polyphosphate. It can degrade to Aminomethylphosphonic acid. [2]
Phosphonates are salts (M 2 HPO 3) or esters (OP(OR) 2 R) of phosphonic acid Subcategories. This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. P ...
Aminophosphonates are often prepared by hydrophosphonylation, usually the condensation of imines and phosphorous acid.In the Pudovik reaction or Kabachnik–Fields reaction the esters of phosphorous acid are employed, e.g. diphenylphosphite.
Many phosphates are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure. The sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and ammonium phosphates are all water-soluble. Most other phosphates are only slightly soluble or are insoluble in water. As a rule, the hydrogen and dihydrogen phosphates are slightly more soluble than the corresponding phosphates.