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Methyl nitrite is a toxic asphyxiating gas, a potent cyanotic agent. Exposure may result in methemoglobinemia. [6] Methyl nitrite is an oxidizing agent and a heat-sensitive explosive; its sensitivity increases in presence of metal oxides. With inorganic bases it forms explosive salts.
Methyl nitrate is a very strong explosive with a detonation velocity of 6,300 m/s, [8] like nitroglycerin, ethylene glycol dinitrate, and other nitrate esters. The sensitivity of methyl nitrate to initiation by detonation is among the greatest known, with even a number one blasting cap , the lowest power available, producing a near full ...
Nitrate esters are typically prepared by condensation of nitric acid and the alcohol: [1] [2] For example, the simplest nitrate ester, methyl nitrate, is formed by reaction of methanol and nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid: [3]
Alkyl nitrites are also used in the formation of oximes with the stronger carbon acids and acid or base catalysis for example in the reaction of 2-butanone, ethyl nitrite and hydrochloric acid forming the oxime, [7] the similar reaction with phenacyl chloride, [8] or the reaction of phenylacetonitrile with methyl nitrite and sodium hydroxide. [9]
Structural formula of nitroso group. In organic chemistry, nitroso refers to a functional group in which the nitric oxide (−N=O) group is attached to an organic moiety.As such, various nitroso groups can be categorized as C-nitroso compounds (e.g., nitrosoalkanes; R−N=O), S-nitroso compounds (nitrosothiols; RS−N=O), N-nitroso compounds (e.g., nitrosamines, RN(−R’)−N=O), and O ...
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Nitrosation is typically performed with nitrous acid, formed from acidification of a sodium nitrite solution. Nitrous acid is unstable, and high yields require a rapid reaction rate. NO + synthon transfer is catalyzed by a strong nucleophile, such as (in order of increasing efficacy) chloride, bromide, thiocyanate, or thiourea.
Ascorbic acid works both as an acidulant and as a reducing agent, converting nitrite into nitrous acid and then reducing it to nitrogen monoxide, which will then bind to iron ions forming nitrosyl complexes, which will react with sulfide in a basic medium giving Roussin's red salt.