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Anatomy of the basic parts of a human nail.A. Nail plate; B. lunula; C. root; D. sinus; E. matrix; F. nail bed; G. eponychium; H. free margin. Onychia is an inflammation of the nail folds (surrounding tissue of the nail plate) of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail.
Terry's nails is a physical condition in which a person's fingernails or toenails [1]: 659 appear white with a characteristic "ground glass" appearance without any lunula. [2]
Beau's lines are deep grooved lines that run from side to side on the fingernail or the toenail. [1] They may look like indentations or ridges in the nail plate. [2]: 657 This condition of the nail was named by a French physician, Joseph Honoré Simon Beau (1806–1865), who first described it in 1846.
Subungual melanomas tend to affect the big toe and thumb the most, but it can occur on any finger or toe. The melanoma appears as a brown-black discoloration of the nail bed, ...
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Footwear that is too small or too narrow, or with too shallow a "toe box", will exacerbate any underlying problem with a toenail. Sharp square corners may be uncomfortable and cause snagging on socks. Proper cutting leaves the leading edge of the nail free of the flesh, precluding it from growing into the toe. Filing of the corner is reasonable.
Green nail syndrome occurs rarely in healthy individuals, but can occur in the immunocompromised or those whose hands are frequently immersed in water or who have other nail problems. [5] The elderly and people who have had trauma to a finger or nail are at greater risk of contracting green nail syndrome.
Toenails which protrude unevenly may concentrate force on the toenail; properly-cut nails are therefore also important. [4] Some susceptible runners may also have Morton's toe. In this variant of human foot anatomy, the second toe extends further out than the great toe. This can make it harder to find shoes with adequate space around the toes.