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Annealed Pyrolytic Graphite (APG), also known as Thermally Annealed Pyrolytic Graphite (TPG), [1] is a form of synthetic graphite that offers excellent in-plane thermal conductivity. As with pyrolytic carbon or pyrolytic graphite (PG), APG is also low in mass, is electrically conductive , and offers diamagnetic properties that allow it to ...
In the semiconductor industry, silicon wafers are annealed to repair atomic level disorder from steps like ion implantation. In the process step, dopant atoms, usually boron , phosphorus or arsenic , move into substitutional positions in the crystal lattice, which allows these dopant atoms to function properly as dopants in the semiconducting ...
Ductile iron is not a single material but part of a group of materials which can be produced with a wide range of properties through control of their microstructure. The common defining characteristic of this group of materials is the shape of the graphite. In ductile irons, graphite is in the form of nodules rather than flakes as in grey iron.
To achieve a fully ferritic matrix the alloy must be annealed. [1] [11] Rapid cooling partly or completely suppresses graphitization and leads to the formation of cementite, which is called white iron. [12] The graphite takes on the shape of a three-dimensional flake. In two dimensions, as a polished surface, the graphite flakes appear as fine ...
Aquadag is a trade name for a water-based colloidal graphite coating commonly used in cathode ray tubes (CRTs). It is manufactured by Acheson Industries, a subsidiary of ICI. The name is a shortened form of "Aqueous Deflocculated Acheson Graphite", [1] but has become a generic term for conductive graphite coatings used in vacuum tubes. Other ...
The TPRC List is the TPRC estimate for well annealed Lead of 99.99+% purity and residual electrical resistivity ρ 0 =0.000880 μΩ cm. TPRC Data Series Volume 1, page 191. [8] This material is superconductive (electrical) at temperatures below 7.193 Kelvins. Weast page E-87. [27] Limestone: 1.26 [19] - 1.33 [19] Indiana Limestone R 1.19 1.21 1 ...
A foundry-facing mold wash is a water-based paint of amorphous or fine flake graphite. Painting the inside of a mold with it and letting it dry leaves a fine graphite coat that will ease the separation of the object cast after the hot metal has cooled.
To produce expandable graphite, natural graphite flakes are treated in a bath of acid and oxidizing agent.Usually used oxidizing agents are hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate or chromic acid. Concentrated sulphuric acid or nitric acid are usually used as the compound to be incorporated, with the reaction taking place at temperatures of ...