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Palmer Method, a form of penmanship instruction developed in the late 19th century that replaced Spencerian script as the most popular handwriting system in the United States; Round hand, a style of handwriting and calligraphy originating in England in the 1660s; Teaching script; Zaner-Bloser, another streamlined form of Spencerian script
Initially, paper was ruled by hand, sometimes using templates. [1] Scribes could rule their paper using a "hard point," a sharp implement which left embossed lines on the paper without any ink or color, [2] or could use "metal point," an implement which left colored marks on the paper, much like a graphite pencil, though various other metals were used.
Copy slips or copy strips are small slips of paper which were commonly used to teach calligraphy and penmanship between 1500 and 1920. The strips, which typically measure about 8.5 inches (22 cm) by 3.5 inches (8.9 cm), display engraved or handwritten examples of calligraphy or good penmanship.
Joseph Carstairs (2 March 1783 – 9 February 1844 [1]) was an English calligrapher and writing teacher who devised a new system and style of writing in the early 19th century. [2] Carstairs's system emphasised a "bold and free writing" when he first introduced it in 1809. [ 3 ]
Florey, Kitty Burns (January 20, 2009). Script and Scribble: The Rise and Fall of Handwriting (First ed.). Melville House. ISBN 978-1933633671.; The Palmer Method of Business Writing: A Series of Self-teaching Lessons in Rapid, Plain, Unshaded, Coarse-pen, Muscular Movement Writing for the Home Learner, Where an Easy and Legible Hand-writing is Sought.
First page of Paul's epistle to Philemon in the Rochester Bible (12th century). A modern calligraphic rendition of the word calligraphy (Denis Brown, 2006). Western calligraphy is the art of writing and penmanship as practiced in the Western world, especially using the Latin alphabet (but also including calligraphic use of the Cyrillic and Greek alphabets, as opposed to "Eastern" traditions ...
Palmer Method, a form of penmanship instruction developed in the late 19th century that replaced Spencerian script as the most popular handwriting system in the United States; Round hand, a style of handwriting and calligraphy originating in England in the 1660s; Zaner-Bloser, another streamlined form of Spencerian script; Teaching script
Typography, type-founding, and typeface design began as closely related crafts in mid-15th-century Europe with the introduction of movable type printing at the junction of the medieval era and the Renaissance. Handwritten letterforms of the mid-15th century calligraphy were the natural models for letterforms in systematized typography. [1]