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An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelve. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03531-4. Olsson, Tord; Ozdalga, Elisabeth; Raudvere, Catharina (2005). Alevi Identity: Cultural, Religious and Social Perspectives. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79725-6. Pierce, Matthew (2016). Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of ...
The visitation of the imams is recommended even by Imams themselves and Shia scholars and jurists from an early period of Shia history. [113] The most popular destinations for Shi'a pilgrims include Najaf and Karbala in Iraq, [ 114 ] Qom and Mashhad in Iran, [ 115 ] and Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque in Syria.
Hafizi Ismaili Muslims claimed that al-Amir died without an heir and was succeeded as Caliph and Imam by his cousin al-Hafiz. The Musta'li split into the Hafizi, who accepted him and his successors as an Imam , and the Tayyibi , who believed that al-Amir's purported son At-Tayyib was the rightful Imam and had gone into occultation.
Shi‘a Islam, also known as Shi‘ite Islam or Shia, is the second largest branch of Islam after Sunni Islam.Shias adhere to the teachings of Muhammad and the religious guidance of his family (who are referred to as the Ahl al-Bayt) or his descendants known as Shia Imams.
In Shia Islam, the figure of imam dominates the belief system. [9] Necessarily a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [10] imam is the supreme leader that combines both temporal and religious authorities, [11] for the two were combined in Muhammad. [12] Various Shia sects, however, disagreed over the identity of these imams. [10]
For all Shia, the son-in-law of Muhammad is the first Shia Imam [26] and the rightful successor to Muhammad. [27] For Sunnis , he is the fourth successor . [ 18 ] He holds an important position in almost all Sufi orders , which trace their lineage to Muhammad through him.
The line of imams of the Nizari Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Agha-khani Ismailis in South and Central Asia) continues to their present living 50th hereditary imam, Aga Khan V (son of Aga Khan IV). They are the only Shia Muslim community today led by a present and living (Hazir wa Mawjud) imam. [31]
[8] [11] For the adherents of Shia Islam, this conviction is implicit in the Quran and the history of Islam. Shia Muslim scholars emphasize that the notion of authority is linked to the family of the Abrahamic prophets as the Quranic verses 3:33 and 3:34 show: "Indeed, Allah chose Adam, Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of ’Imrân ...