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Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.
When those with signed languages as their first language read writing associated with a spoken language, this functions as literacy in a second, acquired language. [ b ] [ 10 ] A single language (e.g. Hindustani ) can be written using multiple writing systems, and a writing system can also represent multiple languages.
French is still a lingua franca in most Western and Central African countries and an official language of many, a remnant of French and Belgian colonialism. These African countries and others are members of the Francophonie. French is the official language of the Universal Postal Union, with English added as a working language in 1994. [46
At a regional level, French is acknowledged as an official language in the Aosta Valley region of Italy (the first government authority to adopt Modern French as the official language in 1536, three years before France itself), [47] in which is spoken as a first language by 1.25% of the population and as a second one by approximately 50%. [48]
Primary languages Notes Abbreviated Longhand [1] 1908: Angus Weaver: English: Short forms based around longhand writing. Abbreviatrix: 1945: William Paul Mishkin: Aimé Paris Shorthand [2] 1820: Aimé Paris: French: Alpha Hand [3] AgiliWriting [4] Bezenšek Shorthand [5] 1923: Anton Bezenšek: Bulgarian: Boyd's Syllabic Shorthand [6] 1903 ...
Bulgarian *tj/*kti/*gti and *dj reflexes щ ([ʃt]) and жд ([ʒd]), which are exactly the same as in Old Church Slavonic, and the near-open articulation [æ] of the Yat vowel (ě), which is still widely preserved in a number of Bulgarian dialects in the Rhodopes, Pirin Macedonia (Razlog dialect) and northeastern Bulgaria (Shumen dialect), etc ...
Bulgaria on the other hand stated that it wants to take into account the different alphabet and the principle of phonetic orthography in the Bulgarian language. [9] The issue was decisively resolved in favour of Bulgaria at the 2007 EU Summit in Lisbon, allowing Bulgaria to use the Cyrillic spelling евро on all official EU documents.
Many other loans from French, English and the classical languages have subsequently entered the language as well. Modern Bulgarian was based essentially on the Eastern dialects of the language, but its pronunciation is in many respects a compromise between East and West Bulgarian (see especially the phonetic sections below).