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Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law.Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [1]
According to historical records, a civil law called the Code Civil des Français was formed in 1804, in which most European referred to them as the Napoleon Code. [2] On 24 May 1806 the Netherlands became a French client state, styled the Kingdom of Holland under Napoleon's brother, Louis Bonaparte in which he was instructed by Napoleon to receive and enact the Napoleonic Code.
Country Description Albania: Based on Napoleonic civil law. [9]Angola: Based on Portuguese civil law.: Argentina: The Spanish legal tradition had a great influence on the Civil Code of Argentina, basically a work of the Argentine jurist Dalmacio Vélez Sársfield, who dedicated five years of his life to this task.
Ketuhanan yang Berkebudayaan: A Divinity that upholds religious freedom (A formulation that can be seen as allowing both monotheism or polytheism, thereby allowing space for all of Indonesia's major religions). In his speech, Sukarno rejected the Panca Dharma as a name, saying that "dharma" meant 'obligation', but that he was proposing principles.
Today, Indonesia's legal system is based on Dutch Colonial Law, Adat Law and National Law. [3] [4] After Indonesia gained independence in August 1945, it adopted the Dutch HIR as its code of criminal procedure. In 1981, Indonesia replaced HIR with the KUHAP. The KUHAP improved upon the HIR by adding adversarial features to the criminal procedure.
Implementasi Kekuasaan Kehakiman Republik Indonesia [The Implementation of Judicial Power in the Republic of Indonesia] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Sinar Grafika. ISBN 979-8061-42-X. Indrayana, Denny (2008). Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999-2002: An Evaluation of Constitution-Making in Transition. Jakarta: Kompas Book Publishing.
In Indonesia, state-owned enterprises (Indonesian: Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN)) play an important role in the national economy. Their roles includes contributor for national economy growth , providing goods or services which are not covered by private company , employment provider, providing support guidance to small and medium businesses ...
The written history of Indonesia encompasses 800 years, spanning some 400 now autonomous regions and including in the boundaries of the archipelagic country around 18,000 islands. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] For centuries before European colonization, the various islands were linked either by trade or familial ties and at various times shared rulers.