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Natural law [1] (Latin: ius naturale, lex naturalis) is a philosophical and legal theory that posits the existence of a set of inherent laws derived from nature and universal moral principles, which are discoverable through reason.
Natural law theories base human rights on a "natural" moral, religious or even biological order that is independent of transitory human laws or traditions. Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotle, posited the existence of natural justice or natural right (δίκαιον φυσικόν dikaion physikon; Latin ius naturale).
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Central to Kant's theory of the moral law is the categorical ... Natural law, the belief that the moral law is determined by ...
Grisez defended the idea of metaphysical free choice and proposed a natural law theory of practical reasoning and moral judgment which, although broadly Thomistic, departs from Aquinas on significant points. [2] Grisez was Professor of Christian Ethics at Mount St. Mary's University in Emmitsburg, MD [3] from 1979 to his retirement in 2009.
Natural morality refers to morality that is based on human nature, rather than acquired from societal norms or religious teachings. Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution is central to many modern conceptions of natural morality, but the concept goes back at least to naturalism .
Q. 91: Of the Various Kinds of Law (eternal, natural, human, divine, sin laws) Q. 92: Of the Effects of Law. 2. IN PARTICULAR. Q. 93: Of the Eternal Law Q. 94: Of the Natural Law Q. 95: Of Human Law Q. 96: Of the Power of Human Law Q. 97: Of Change in Laws Q. 98: Of the Old Law Q. 99: Of the Precepts of the Old Law Q. 100: Of the Moral Precepts ...
Proportionalism is an ethical theory that lies between consequential theories and deontological theories. [1] Consequential theories, like utilitarianism, say that an action is right or wrong, depending on the consequences it produces, but deontological theories, such as Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, say that actions are either intrinsically right or intrinsically wrong.
An unjust law is no law at all (Latin: lex iniusta non est lex) is an expression in support of natural law, acknowledging that authority is not legitimate unless it is good and right. It has become a standard legal maxim around the world. This view is strongly associated with natural law theorists, including John Finnis and Lon Fuller. [1]