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The Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic group of people who lived in the Phoenician city-states along a coastal strip in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily modern Lebanon. [5] They developed a maritime civilization which expanded and contracted throughout history, with the core of their culture stretching from Arwad in ...
Nebuchadnezzar's successors did him no credit and much of his gains were lost within a few decades. [4] The rise of the Persians to the east was ignored by Babylon's incompetent rulers. Even before Babylon fell, Persia conquered Syria and seized Phoenicia from Babylonian rule.
The scholarly consensus is that the Phoenicians' period of greatest prominence was 1200 BC to the end of the Persian period (332 BC). [13] The Phoenician Early Bronze Age is largely unknown. [ 14 ] The two most important sites are Byblos and Sidon-Dakerman (near Sidon), although, as of 2021, well over a hundred sites remain to be excavated ...
The fall of Babylon occurred in 539 BC, when the Persian Empire conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The success of the Persian campaign, led by Cyrus the Great , brought an end to the reign of the last native dynasty of Mesopotamia and gave the Persians control over the rest of the Fertile Crescent .
Map of Phoenician settlements and trade routes. The Phoenician settlement of North Africa or Phoenician expedition to North Africa was the process of Phoenician people migrating and settling in the Maghreb region of North Africa, encompassing present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia, from their homeland of Phoenicia in the Levant region, including present-day Lebanon, Israel, and Syria ...
The Elamites did not remain in control of Babylonia long, instead entering into an ultimately unsuccessful war with Assyria, allowing Marduk-kabit-ahheshu (1155–1139 BC) to establish the Dynasty IV of Babylon, from Isin, with the first native Akkadian-speaking south Mesopotamian dynasty to rule Babylonia, with Marduk-kabit-ahheshu becoming ...
The Assyrian army failed to capture Babylon and Nabopolassar's garrison at Uruk also successfully repulsed them. [3] On November 22/23 626 BC, Nabopolassar was formally crowned as King of Babylon, the Assyrians having failed to capture and kill him, which restored Babylonia as an independent kingdom after more than a century of Assyrian rule. [3]
After taking care of the troublesome Chaldean and Sutean tribes who had migrated into Babylonia to the south, and re-affirming Babylon's vassalage to Assyria, [14] Tiglath led a campaign against the northern opponents of Urartu [15] – Urartu had been extending their influence into the eastern Mediterranean by carving out a number of vassal ...