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Myelin (/ ˈ m aɪ. ə l ɪ n / MY-ə-lin) is a lipid-rich material that surrounds nerve cell axons to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) pass along the axon. [1] [2] The myelinated axon can be likened to an electrical wire (the axon) with insulating material (myelin) around it. However ...
Group A are heavily myelinated, group B are moderately myelinated, and group C are unmyelinated. [1] [2] The other classification is a sensory grouping that uses the terms type Ia and type Ib, type II, type III, and type IV, sensory fibers. [1]
The process of generating these myelinated brain organoids lasted 210 days and involved the addition of various growth factors and media at specific time points. [2] Due to the prolonged duration of the 2018 protocol, there were efforts to speed up and streamline the differentiation and generation of these myelinated organoids.
Transmission electron micrograph of a myelinated axon Neuron with oligodendrocyte and myelin sheath showing cytoskeletal structures at a node of Ranvier The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor OLIG1 plays an integral role in the process of oligodendrocyte myelinogenesis by regulating expression of myelin-related genes.
There are two types of axons in the nervous system: myelinated and unmyelinated axons. [5] Myelin is a layer of a fatty insulating substance, which is formed by two types of glial cells: Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. In the peripheral nervous system Schwann cells form the myelin sheath of a myelinated axon. Oligodendrocytes form the ...
A single oligodendrocyte can extend its processes to cover up to 40 axons, that can include multiple adjacent axons. [2] The myelin sheath is not continuous but is segmented along the axon's length at gaps known as the nodes of Ranvier. In the peripheral nervous system the myelination of axons is carried out by Schwann cells. [1]
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed [weasel words] to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system.The myelin sheath is a multi-layered membrane, unique to the nervous system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction. [5]
Group B nerve fibers are one of the three classes of nerve fiber as generally classified by Erlanger and Gasser. [1] They are moderately myelinated, which means less myelinated than group A nerve fibers, and more myelinated than group C nerve fibers. [2] They have a medium conduction velocity of 3 to 14 m/s.