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When two drugs affect each other, it is a drug–drug interaction (DDI). The risk of a DDI increases with the number of drugs used. [1] A large share of elderly people regularly use five or more medications or supplements, with a significant risk of side-effects from drug–drug interactions. [2] Drug interactions can be of three kinds:
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the core principle of quantifying the effects of antagonists by measuring the drug’s efficacy and safety. PD emphasises the relationship between the dose and response of a certain drug, which can be illustrated using a dose-response curve .
Beyond adverse effects from the herb itself, "adulteration, inappropriate formulation, or lack of understanding of plant and drug interactions have led to adverse reactions that are sometimes life threatening or lethal." [3]
The original eight problems have now been condensed into seven categories of problems. As given by Shargel, they are: Unnecessary drug therapy. This could occur when the patient has been placed on too many medications for their condition and the drug is simply not needed. [7] Wrong drug.
To reduce your risk of developing side effects or drug interactions, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider about your medical history and your current or recent use of any drugs or ...
Adverse effects, like therapeutic effects of drugs, are a function of dosage or drug levels at the target organs, so they may be avoided or decreased by means of careful and precise pharmacokinetics, the change of drug levels in the organism in function of time after administration. Adverse effects may also be caused by drug interaction. This ...
A new study compares the benefits and risks of taking GLP-1 medications for weight loss, including risks of dementia, addiction, heart disease, and gastrointestinal problems, among others.
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