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A eurobond is an international bond that is denominated in a currency not native to the country where it is issued. They are also called external bonds. [1] They are usually categorised according to the currency in which they are issued: eurodollar, euroyen, and so on.
Country foreign exchange reserves minus external debt. In international economics, the balance of payments (also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated BOP or BoP) of a country is the difference between all money flowing into the country in a particular period of time (e.g., a quarter or a year) and the outflow of money to the rest of the world.
A country's gross external debt (or foreign debt) is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents. [ 1 ] : 5 The debtors can be governments , corporations or citizens. [ 1 ] : 41–43 External debt may be denominated in domestic or foreign currency.
Shibosai Bond, a private placement bond in the Japanese market with distribution limited to institutions and banks. Shogun bond, a non-yen-denominated bond issued in Japan by a non-Japanese institution or government [3] Bulldog bond, a pound sterling-denominated bond issued in London by a foreign institution or government. [4]
Foreign exchange reserves assets can comprise banknotes, bank deposits, and government securities of the reserve currency, such as bonds and treasury bills. [2] Some countries hold a part of their reserves in gold, and special drawing rights are also considered reserve assets. Often, for convenience, the cash or securities are retained by the ...
Financial instruments are monetary contracts between parties. They can be created, traded, modified and settled. They can be cash (currency), evidence of an ownership, interest in an entity or a contractual right to receive or deliver in the form of currency (forex); debt (bonds, loans); equity (); or derivatives (options, futures, forwards).
The price you pay for a bond may be different from its face value, and will change over the life of the bond, depending on factors like the bond’s time to maturity and the interest rate environment.
A government can issue debt in foreign currency to eliminate exchange rate risk for foreign lenders, but that means the borrowing government then bears the exchange rate risk. Also, by issuing debt in foreign currency, a country cannot erode the value of the debt by means of inflation. [31]