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  2. Momentum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentum

    In Newtonian mechanics, momentum (pl.: momenta or momentums; more specifically linear momentum or translational momentum) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. It is a vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction.

  3. Glossary of physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_physics

    The ratio of the number of constituent particles in a substance, usually atoms or molecules, to the amount of substance, of which the SI unit is the mole. It is defined as exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1. Avogadro number The total number of individual molecules in one mole of a substance, by definition equaling exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 ...

  4. Moment (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_(physics)

    The moment of force, or torque, is a first moment: =, or, more generally, .; Similarly, angular momentum is the 1st moment of momentum: =.Momentum itself is not a moment.; The electric dipole moment is also a 1st moment: = for two opposite point charges or () for a distributed charge with charge density ().

  5. Constant of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_of_motion

    Examples of integrals of motion are the angular momentum vector, =, or a Hamiltonian without time dependence, such as (,) = + (). An example of a function that is a constant of motion but not an integral of motion would be the function C ( x , v , t ) = x − v t {\displaystyle C(x,v,t)=x-vt} for an object moving at a constant speed in one ...

  6. Newton's laws of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion

    The left-hand side is the time derivative of the momentum, and the right-hand side is the force, represented in terms of the potential energy. [ 9 ] : 737 Landau and Lifshitz argue that the Lagrangian formulation makes the conceptual content of classical mechanics more clear than starting with Newton's laws. [ 26 ]

  7. Glossary of elementary quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_elementary...

    A common example of quantum numbers is the possible state of an electron in a central potential: (,,,), which corresponds to the eigenstate of observables (in terms of ), (magnitude of angular momentum), (angular momentum in -direction), and .

  8. Impulse (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_(physics)

    In classical mechanics, impulse (symbolized by J or Imp) is the change in momentum of an object. If the initial momentum of an object is p 1, and a subsequent momentum is p 2, the object has received an impulse J: =. Momentum is a vector quantity, so impulse is also a vector quantity.

  9. Energy–momentum relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy–momentum_relation

    This equation holds for a body or system, such as one or more particles, with total energy E, invariant mass m 0, and momentum of magnitude p; the constant c is the speed of light. It assumes the special relativity case of flat spacetime [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and that the particles are free.