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N1-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (also known as 1-methyl-6-oxopyridine-3-carboxamide or nudifloramide and abbreviated as 2PY, 2-Py or NMPC) is one of a number of metabolic products of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation.
A few octahedral homoleptic pyridine complexes are known. These complex cations are found in the salts [Ru(py) 6]Fe 4 (CO) 13 and [Ru(py) 6](BF 4) 2. [3] [4] Some compounds with the stoichiometry M(py) 6 (ClO 4) 2 have been reformulated as [M(py) 4 (ClO 4) 2]. (py) 2 [5] A common family of pyridine complexes are of the type [MCl 2 (py) 4] n+ ...
N 1-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, also abbreviated as 4PY, is a breakdown product of niacin, [1] that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. [2] It has 2 carbonyl groups that are close to each other. [3] [4] [5]
Methylpyridinium is prepared by treating pyridine with dimethylsulfate: [2]. C 5 H 5 N + (CH 3 O) 2 SO 2 → [C 5 H 5 NCH 3] + CH 3 OSO − 3. It is found in some coffee products. [3] It is not present in unroasted coffee beans, but is formed during roasting from its precursor chemical, trigonelline. [3]
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is an organic compound consisting of a 5-membered lactam. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow. It is miscible with water and with most common organic solvents. It also belongs to the class of dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
For example, uridine can be replaced with a similar nucleoside such as pseudouridine (Ψ) or N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ), [8] and cytosine can be replaced by 5-methylcytosine. [9] Some of these, such as pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine, occur naturally in eukaryotes, [10] while m1Ψ occurs naturally in archaea. [11]
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Excess niacin is methylated in the liver to N 1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) and excreted in urine as such or as the oxidized metabolites N 1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N1-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (2PY and 4PY). Decreased urinary content of these metabolites is a measure of niacin deficiency. [21]