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Arabic verbs (فِعْل fiʿl; pl. أَفْعَال afʿāl), like the verbs in other Semitic languages, and the entire vocabulary in those languages, are based on a set of two to five (but usually three) consonants called a root (triliteral or quadriliteral according to the number of consonants).
Since Arabic lacks a verb meaning "to have", constructions using li-, ‘inda, and ma‘a with the pronominal suffixes are used to describe possession. For example: عنده بيت (ʿindahu bayt) – literally: At him (is) a house. → He has a house. For the negation of Arabic verbs, see Negation in Arabic.
Like Arabic verbs, most Levantine verbs are based on a triliteral root (also called radical) made of three consonants (therefore also called triconsonantal root). The set of consonants communicates the basic meaning of a verb, e.g. k-t-b 'write', q-r-’ 'read', ’-k-l 'eat'.
Verb-Verb Compounds: In addition to noun-based compounds, Arabic, particularly Jordanian Arabic (JA), includes compounds created by joining two verbs. [11] The verbs can either denote simultaneous actions, sequential actions, or actions that complement each other to convey a particular concept.
In Modern Standard Arabic, the main way to negate past-tense verbs is to add the negative particle لَمْ lam "not" before the verb, and to put the verb in the jussive mood. [3] In more colloquial usage, it is possible to give the verb in the present indicative mood (which is largely identical in form to the jussive). [4]
The following is an example of a regular verb paradigm in Egyptian Arabic. Example of a regular Form I verb in Egyptian Arabic, kátab/yíktib "write" Tense/Mood
Classical and Standard Arabic verbs conjugate for at least three distinct moods in the imperfect: indicative, subjunctive and jussive. [ 2 ] The jussive is used after the preposition li- ( ليـ- , 'to') to express a command to a third person.
A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (originally published in German as Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart 'Arabic dictionary for the contemporary written language'), also published in English as The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, is a translation dictionary of modern written Arabic compiled by Hans Wehr. [1]
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