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Organ trade (also known as the blood market or the red market) is the trading of human organs, tissues, or other body products, usually for transplantation. [1] [2] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), organ trade is a commercial transplantation where there is a profit, or transplantations that occur outside of national medical systems.
The National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) of 1984 is an Act of the United States Congress that created the framework for the organ transplant system in the country. [1] The act provided clarity on the property rights of human organs obtained from deceased individuals and established a public-private partnership known as Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), illegal organ trade occurs when organs are removed from the body for the purpose of commercial transactions. [19] Despite ordinances against organ sales, this practice persists, with studies estimating that anywhere from 5% to 42% of transplanted organs are illicitly purchased.
Any organ market would have to be transparent and establish the same price for everybody to prevent bidding wars over rare commodities such as kidneys, which fetch about $100,000 in the black market.
In the United States, The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 made organ sales illegal. In the United Kingdom, the Human Organ Transplants Act 1989 first made organ sales illegal, and has been superseded by the Human Tissue Act 2004. In 2007, two major European conferences recommended against the sale of organs. [69]
The trade is not limited to kidneys but encompasses the advertising and sale of liver, cornea, bone marrow, sperm, and ovum. [14] Rising numbers of teenagers are selling organs in Iran amid the country’s worst ever economic crisis as young donors' healthy organs fetch high prices for desperate families.
Organ harvesting from live people is one of the most frequently discussed debate topic in organ transplantation. The World Health Organization argues that transplantation promote health, but the notion of “transplantation tourism” has the potential to violate human rights or exploit the poor, to have unintended health consequences, and to provide unequal access to services, all of which ...
[citation needed] The demand for donated organs is extremely high due to the fact that a large number of people die while waiting for an organ transplant in the United States. [5] [3] As of 2016, there were fewer registered organ donors than people in need of an organ or tissue transplant. [5]